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Dumbo Rat

Rattus norvegicus domestica

Also called Dumbo-eared rat, Dumbo fancy rat, Low-eared rat

VarietyDeep profile

From United States. The dumbo ear type turned up in a breeder's rats in northern California around 1991 and was confirmed in 1993.123

At a glance the quick version

Weight, male0.45 to 0.65 kg4
Weight, female0.35 to 0.45 kg4
Length20 to 25 cm5
Lifespan1.5 to 3 years64
Sizesmall

General figures for the domestic rat species from the MSD Veterinary Manual; the AFRMA and NFRS standards set no separate weight for this variety, which shares the standard rat body.

Endearing low-set round ears
Friendly, sociable and fond of its people
Intelligent and quick to learn
136

Coat and looks how to spot one

Dumbo ear type (low-set, round ears); found with any coat, including standard, rex and satin

A Dumbo is a fancy rat whose ears sit much lower down on the sides of the head than usual, opening outwards so they look big, round and saucer-like. Ear shapes vary: breeders talk of open saucer ears, tulip ears that look pointed until gently flattened, and creased ears folded at the tip. The base of the ear is wider and more open than a standard rat's, and the back of the skull is often a little more rounded. Any coat type and colour can come with dumbo ears.17823

Coloursany recognised colour or markingagouticinnamonfawnblackbeigebluechocolatelilacsilver fawnblack-eyed whitepink-eyed whiteSiameseHimalayanBerkshirehoodedcappedIrishvariegatedEssexDalmatian173

Personality what they are like

Dumbo ears are a looks-only trait, so these rats share the same warm, inquisitive nature as other fancy rats. Handled kindly from a young age they become tame, affectionate companions that like to explore, play and learn simple tricks.36

Daily activity how busy a day looks

Just as lively as any fancy rat. Most active from dusk into the night, they need daily supervised time outside the cage plus climbing, foraging toys and short training sessions to keep busy and content.69

Grooming and care the hands-on bits

Self-grooming rats that need no regular brushing or bathing. A quick look at the ears during the daily handling session, regular spot-cleaning of the cage and fresh bedding keep things tidy.610

Home where they are happiest

The same set-up as any pet rat: the biggest multi-level cage you can fit, with shelves, ropes, ladders, hammocks and hideouts, dust-free bedding such as cellulose or shredded paper, and a quiet spot kept at roughly 19-23 C, out of direct sun and draughts.94

Food basics what goes in the bowl

A complete rat nugget or pellet as the daily staple, with small portions of vegetables, a little fruit, grains and cooked egg counted into the ration. Keep sugary or fatty bits for training rewards, scatter some food to encourage foraging, and provide fresh water from a bottle at all times.10

Company who they like around

A very sociable animal that should share its home with at least one other rat, in a same-sex pair or small group or a neutered mixed pair, and enjoys daily time with its people.63

The story where it all began

Dumbo rats are a fairly young variety. The ear type appeared in one breeder's stock in northern California around 1991 and was confirmed as a breeding trait in 1993. The rats were shown at events of the San Francisco based Rat, Mouse and Hamster Fanciers club, where other breeders took an interest, and the variety spread through the American fancy during the 1990s. The AFRMA adopted a Dumbo standard on 18 April 1998. The name comes from Disney's flying elephant. Dumbos later reached Britain and other countries, and the National Fancy Rat Society has its own standard for them, though they are absent from Australia, which does not import foreign rodents. In 2012 a research team found that the trait is recessive and linked to a missing stretch of DNA that controls the Hmx1 gene, which guides how the outer ear forms.213711

Fun facts for the dinner table

  1. 1

    Dumbo rats are named after Disney's big-eared flying elephant.3

  2. 2

    The dumbo trait is recessive, so a rat must inherit it from both parents to have dumbo ears; two dumbo parents give an all-dumbo litter.11

  3. 3

    The AFRMA standard asks for a head shaped like an equilateral triangle seen from above, while the NFRS standard prefers normal rat head proportions and faults that triangle shape.1

  4. 4

    Dumbo ears come in several shapes that breeders name: open saucer ears, tulip ears and creased ears.8

  5. 5

    Because Australia does not allow foreign rodents to be imported, there are no dumbo rats there.3

  6. 6

    The gene behind dumbo ears, Hmx1, is also linked to the small crop ears of Highland cattle.12

  7. 7

    Dumbo ears can be combined with any coat or colour, so you can find rex dumbos, satin dumbos and more.2

Recognised by the official bits

American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association (AFRMA)
Standardised on 18 April 1998. Shown in any recognised colour, marking or variety; the key feature is large, round ears set low on the sides of the head.1
National Fancy Rat Society (UK)
Listed among the NFRS Rex/Dumbo varieties. Its standard wants low-set ears that stand out at a clear angle, slightly furled at the top, on a head of normal rat proportions.7

The care rhythm a typical week and year

A typical home-care rhythm for a Dumbo Rat. A starting point, not a vet's advice.

Treats they will love homemade and simple

Hamster and Gerbil Fresh Veggie and Herb Mix

A simple, safe daily supplement that provides essential vitamins, hydration and enrichment for hamsters and gerbils.

You need

  • 1 small piece of carrot (about the size of a pea)
  • 1 small piece of broccoli (about the size of a pea)
  • 1 small piece of cucumber (about the size of a pea)
  • 1 small piece of apple (without seeds, about the size of a pea)
  • 1 small leaf of basil or parsley

How

  1. Wash all fresh ingredients thoroughly.
  2. Cut the carrot, broccoli, cucumber and apple into pieces no larger than a pea.
  3. Tear the herb leaf into tiny pieces.
  4. Mix all ingredients together in a small bowl.
  5. Offer a total of 1.5 to 4.5 teaspoons of this mix per day, depending on the size of your pet.

How much: 1.5 to 4.5 teaspoons per day for hamsters and gerbils

Recipe from Oxbow Animal Health

Rat-Friendly Veggie and Egg Treat

Rats are omnivores and enjoy a varied diet. This treat provides protein and enrichment, and encourages natural foraging behaviour.

You need

  • 1 small slice of carrot (about 1cm thick)
  • 1 small floret of broccoli
  • 1 small slice of cucumber (about 1cm thick)
  • 1 small slice of apple (without seeds, about 1cm thick)
  • 1 small piece of cooked egg (about the size of a pea)

How

  1. Wash all fresh ingredients thoroughly.
  2. Cut carrot, broccoli, cucumber and apple into small pieces (about 1cm cubes).
  3. Cook an egg until hard-boiled, then cool and peel. Take a small piece about the size of a pea.
  4. Mix all ingredients together in a small bowl.
  5. Offer this as part of your rat’s daily food allowance, not in addition to it.

How much: A small amount as part of daily food allowance for rats

Recipe from RSPCA

Small Furries Safe Snack Plate

A selection of safe, low-sugar vegetables and herbs that can be offered as occasional treats to hamsters, gerbils, rats and mice.

You need

  • 1 small piece of carrot (about the size of a pea)
  • 1 small piece of broccoli (about the size of a pea)
  • 1 small piece of cucumber (about the size of a pea)
  • 1 small piece of apple (without seeds, about the size of a pea)
  • 1 small leaf of basil or parsley

How

  1. Wash all fresh ingredients thoroughly.
  2. Cut carrot, broccoli, cucumber and apple into pieces no larger than a pea.
  3. Tear the herb leaf into tiny pieces.
  4. Arrange on a small plate or scatter in the cage for foraging enrichment.
  5. Offer only in small amounts alongside their regular pelleted food.

How much: A small amount as an occasional treat for hamsters, gerbils, rats and mice

Recipe from Burgess Pet Care

Not veterinary advice. Check with your vet first if your pet has allergies, a health condition, is on a special diet or is pregnant. Treats should stay a small part of the daily food. Cut to a safe size and supervise. Terms of use

Owner questions the things everyone asks

How often should I feed my Dumbo Rat?

Offer a complete rat nugget or pellet daily as the staple, plus small portions of vegetables, fruit, grains and cooked egg. Scatter some food to encourage foraging and always provide fresh water from a bottle.10 Pet Wiki plan

What should a Dumbo Rat eat, and which foods are dangerous?

Feed a complete rat nugget or pellet daily, with small amounts of vegetables, fruit, grains and cooked egg. Avoid alcohol, chocolate, caffeine, avocado, grapes, raisins, onion, garlic, raw meat, raw eggs, and xylitol, as these are dangerous.1013

Should I bathe a Dumbo Rat?

No, Dumbo rats are self-grooming and do not need bathing. A quick look at the ears during daily handling and regular spot-cleaning of the cage keeps them tidy.610

Does a Dumbo Rat need brushing?

No, Dumbo rats do not need brushing as they groom themselves. Just check their ears during daily handling and keep the cage clean.610

How do I look after a Dumbo Rat's nails and teeth?

Check nails every three weeks and trim if needed, but never cut into the quick. Provide wooden chews or toys to help wear down teeth naturally, and ask a vet for guidance.6 Pet Wiki plan

How much space and exercise does a Dumbo Rat need?

Provide the biggest multi-level cage you can fit, with shelves, ropes, ladders, hammocks, and hideouts. They need daily supervised time outside the cage for at least an hour, plus climbing and foraging toys.69 Pet Wiki plan

Should a Dumbo Rat live alone or with friends?

Dumbo rats are very sociable and should live with at least one other rat in a same-sex pair or small group, or a neutered mixed pair. They also enjoy daily time with their people.63

How long does a Dumbo Rat live?

Dumbo rats typically live between 1.5 and 3 years. Providing a good diet, clean habitat, and regular vet check-ups helps them live a happy life.64

Is a Dumbo Rat a good pet for children?

Yes, with gentle handling from a young age they become tame and affectionate. They are inquisitive and enjoy exploring and learning tricks, but adult supervision is always needed.36

How do I hold a Dumbo Rat?

Support their whole body gently with one hand under the chest and the other under the hindquarters. Let them feel secure and never pick them up by the tail.6

Written from the sources on this page, a few checked guides (VCA, ASPCA, RSPCA) and Pet Wiki's own starting care plan. A friendly guide, not a vet's advice.

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Where this comes from

Every fact on this page has a numbered source. Spotted an error? support@petwiki.app.

  1. AFRMA Fancy Rats - Varieties afrma.orgused for standard, recognition date, origin, head shape
  2. AFRMA - Hairless, Tailless & Dumbo information afrma.orgused for origin and history, confirmation in 1993, RMHF club, variety in any coat
  3. Fancy rat - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.orgused for name, origin, Australia, temperament, colours
  4. MSD Veterinary Manual - Description and Physical Characteristics of Rats msdvetmanual.comused for weight, lifespan, room temperature
  5. AFRMA Rat Standards afrma.orgused for body length
  6. RSPCA - Rats rspca.org.ukused for lifespan, temperament, social and activity needs
  7. NFRS - Rex/Dumbo Varieties nfrs.orgused for UK recognition, ear and head standard
  8. NFRS - Ear today, Ear tomorrow (Estelle Sandford) nfrs.orgused for ear shape types
  9. RSPCA - Rat environment rspca.org.ukused for housing
  10. RSPCA - Rat diet rspca.org.ukused for diet, care routine
  11. Deletion of a conserved regulatory element required for Hmx1 expression in craniofacial mesenchyme in the dumbo rat (Quina et al., 2012, Disease Models & Mechanisms) journals.biologists.comused for genetics, ear position, origin in the rat fancy
  12. A Non-Coding Genomic Duplication at the HMX1 Locus Is Associated with Crop Ears in Highland Cattle (PLoS One) journals.plos.orgused for fun fact on Hmx1 in cattle
  13. ASPCA: People foods to avoid feeding your pets aspca.orgused for owner questions

Checked 2026-09-30. Text is written in our own words from these sources.